1 转动机械
轴 shaft
轴承 bearing
轴承箱 bearing housing
联轴节 shaft coupling
滑轮 pulley
V形皮带（三角皮带）V-belt
转动设备 turning equipment
润滑 lubricating
润滑油 (1) lubricating oil
(2) lube oil
密封 seal
轴封 shaft seal
填料 packing
填料箱 stuffing box
油膜密封 oil film seal
油封 seal oil
机械密封 mechanical seal
齿轮 gear
曲轴 crankshaft
连杆 connecting rod
十字头 crosshead
气缸 cylinder
缸套 cylinder liner
汽缸阀 cylinder valve
活塞 piston
金属填料 metallic packing
予埋板 soleplate
基座 baseplate
柱塞 plunger
箱体（壳体） casing
转子 rotor
平衡活塞 balance piston
迷宫密封 labyrinth
叶轮 impeller
轴套 sleeve
耐磨环 wearing ring
灯笼环 (1) lantern ring
(2) seal cage
.2 转动机械性能
轴动力 (1) shaft power
(2) brake horsepower
额定制动马力 rated brake horsepower
齿轮传动损失 gear loss
机械效率 mechanical efficiency
机械损失 mechanical loss
额定转数 rated speed
最大连续转数 maximum continuous speed
旋转油膜 oil whirl
临界速度 critical speed
顺时针 clockwise
转矩 torque
起动转矩 starting torque
性能 performance
特性 characteristics
压头 head
液压功率 hydraulic horsepower
活塞位移 piston displacement
体积效率 volumetric efficiency
显示图 indicator diagram
压力脉冲率 pressure pulsation ratio
.3 泵
泵 pump
泵效率 pump effiency
气蚀 cavitation
气蚀系数 cavitation
净正吸入压头 net positive suction head
离心泵 centrifugal pump
混流泵（斜流泵） mixed-flow pump
轴流泵 axial pump
容量泵 displacement type pump
往复泵（活塞泵） reciprocating pump
旋转泵 rotary pump
再生泵 regenerative pump
底阀 foot valve
.4 压缩机，风机等
压缩机 compressor
压缩机效率 compressor efficiency
往复式压缩机 reciprocating compressor
间隙容积 clearance volume
隙囊 clearance pocket
减压器 unloader
离心式压缩机 centrifugal compressor
轴面压缩机 axial compressor
涡轮压缩机 turbocompressor
鼓风机 blower
风机 fan
涡轮式鼓风机 turboblower
涡轮风机 turbofan
多叶片风机 multi-blade fan
旋浆式风机 propeller fan
罗茨鼓风机 (1) roots blower
(2) two-lobe blowe
螺杆式压缩机 screw compressor
湍振 curging
中间冷却器 intercooler
后冷却器（二次冷却器）aftercooler
缓冲器 snubber
5 透平
透平 turbine
冲动式透平 impulse turbine
反作用式透平 reaction turbine
凝气式透平 condensing turbine
抽气式透平 extraction turbine
背压式透平 back pressure turbine
透平效率 turbine efficiency
调速器 governor
速度范围 speed range
速度调节阀 speed governing valve
应急调速器 emergency governor
跳闸速度（应急速度限） trip speed
应急阀 trip valve
操纵阀 sentinel valve
6 冷冻机
冷冻机 refrigerator
制冷机 refrigerant

11. 其它机器
11.1 搬运
起重运输设备 material handling
输送机 conveyor
带式输送机 belt conveyor
链式输送机 chain conveyor
平盘输送机 pan conveyor
粉体输送机 continuous flow conveyor
气力输送机 pneumatic conveyor
混合比 weight ratio of solid to gas
螺旋输送机 screw conveyor
振动输送机 vibrating conveyor
滚轴输送机 roller conveyor
斗式提升机 bucket elevator
平台给料机 table feeder
定量给料机 (1) constant feeder
(2) constant feed weighter
地平 scale
包装机 packing machine
缝袋机 sewing machine
热封口机 heat sealer
卷扬机 hoist
倒链、葫芦 chain block
天车 overhead crane
悬臂起重机 jib crane
龙门起重机 gantry crane
倾倒卸货机 car dumper
手推车 hand cart
贮存场装载输送机 recluimer
铲式装料机 shovel loader
起运载重机 ship loader
起运卸货机 ship unloader
堆积机 stacker
码垛机 palletizer
卸垛机 fork lift trunk
叉车 fork lift trunk
鹤管 loading arm
11.2 粉碎
粉碎 crushing
粉碎机 crusher
碾磨机 mill
破碎机 disintegrator
比粉碎能力 specific crushing capacity
粉碎比 crushing ratio
粉碎性 grindability
筛网 screen
切裁尺寸 cut size
丝网 mesh
集尘器 dust collector
空气过滤器 (1) air cleaner
(2) air filter
旋风分离器 cyclone
多管式旋风分离器 multiclone
集尘效率 dust collecting efficiency
再飞散 re-entrainment
11.3 化学机械
离心分离机 centrifuge
澄清器 decanter
过滤器 filter
过滤介质 filter medium
滤饼 filter cake
板框式压滤机 filter press
叶滤机 leaf filter
转鼓过滤机 drum filter
带式过滤机 belt filter
盘式过滤机 pan filter
预涂助滤剂的过滤机 precoat filter
干燥器 dryer
转盘式干燥器 rotary dryer
流化床干燥器 fluidized bed dryer
气流干燥器 pneumatic conveying dryer
带式干燥器 band dryer
喷雾干燥器 spray dryer
平衡含水率 equilibrium moisture content
临界含水率 critical moisture content
体积传热系数 volumetric heat transfer coefficient
热效率 thermal efficiency
回转炉 rotary kiln
刨片机 flaker
包裹筒 coating drum
混料机 blender
混合器 mixer
圆筒式混合器 drum mixer
捏和搅拌机 kneading mill
搅拌机 (1) agitator
(2) stirrer
造粒机 pastillator
挤压机 extruder
成型机 molding machine
燃烧装置 flaring equipent
火炬烟囱 elevated flare stack
地面燃烧 ground flare
分子筛密封 molecular seal
液封 fluidic seal

12.公用工程
12.1 锅炉、蒸汽及给水系统
锅炉 boiler
水管锅炉 water tube boiler
废热锅炉 waste heat boiler
排气锅炉 exhaust gas boiler
混合燃料锅炉 multi-fuel fired boiler
过热器 superheater
减温器 desuperheater
再热器 reheater
省煤器 economizer
空气预热器 air preheater
煤粉燃烧装置 pulverized coal firing equipment
燃料油燃烧装置 fuel oil firing equipment
助燃烧嘴（长明灯） stabilizing burner
点火器 (1) pilot torch
(2) igniter
(3) lighter
起动用轻油烧嘴 (1) warm-up light oil burner
(2) start-up light oil burner
一次空气 primary air
烟道气再循环风机 gas recirculating fan
回火 (1) back fire
(2) blowback
(3) puff
不连续燃烧 discontinuous combustion
脉动燃烧 pulsating combustion
负荷调整范围 (1) turn-down ratio
(2) load ratio
(3) load range
低过量空气操作 low excess air operation
加压燃烧 pressurized combustion
吹灰器 soot blower
锅炉自动控制系统 automatic boiler control system (ABC)
气体置换联锁系统 purge interlock
燃料油添加剂 fuel oil additives
灰处理装置 ash handling equipment
灰沉淀池 ash settling pond
锅炉效率 boiler efficiency
循环比 circulation ratio
安全阀起跳试验 safety valve operation test
负荷试验 load test
排污 blowdown
排污罐 blowdown tank
蒸汽转化器 steam accumulator
锅炉给水泵 steam converter
开车给水泵 start-up feed water pump
给水加热器 feed water heater
锅炉给水处理 boiler feed water treatment
锅炉内水处理 internal treatment
发泡 foaming
汽水并发priming
过量夹带、沸腾延迟 carryover
化学清洗 chemical cleaning
碱洗 alkali cleaning
酸洗 acid cleaning
12.2 蒸汽轮机
额定输出 rated output
节流调速 throttle governing
喷嘴增减调速 load limiter
负荷限制器 speed governing operation
调速操作 speed governing operation
自动负载调节器 automatic load regulation
稳态转速变化率 steady state speed regulation
最大转速变化率 maximum momentary speed variation
调速器试验 (1) governor test
(2) dump test
机体温度匹配 metal matching
手动停车优先 ｍａｓｔｅｒ　trip
锅炉随动控制 boiler following control
透平随动控制 turbine following control
锅炉、透平平行控制 boiler turbine parallel control
油净化器 oil purifier
事故用柴油发电机 emergency diesel generator
12.3 燃气轮机
燃气轮机 gas turbine
开式燃气轮机 open cycle gas turbine
闭式燃气轮机 closed cycle gas turbine
单轴燃气轮机 single-shaft gas turbine
平行双轴式燃气轮机 straight compound gas turbine
交叉双轴式燃气轮机 cross-compound gas turbine
气体发生器 gas generator
燃烧室 (1) combustor
(2) combustion chamber
压缩机清洗设备 compressor washing equipment
标准额定输出 standard rated output
峰值输出 peak output
燃烧负荷 combustion load
自运转 self-sustaining
12.4 电厂
热电厂 thermal power plant
负荷系数 load factor
内耗率 auxiliary power ratio
利用率 utilization factor
有效率 availability
可靠性 reliability
基本负荷 base load
峰值负荷 peak load
中间负荷 middle load
短周期负荷 fringe load
长周期负荷 sustained load
自起动 black start
最小负荷操作 minimum load operation
冷却塔 cooling tower
温差 approach
夹带损失 drift loss
蒸发损失 evaporation loss
12.5 水处理
自然沉淀 sedimentation
凝聚 coagulation
沉淀 settling
絮凝器 flocculator
浓缩器 thickener
沉淀池clarifier
砂滤器 sand filter
旁路过滤器 side stream filter
浓缩比 concentration ratio
饱和指数 saturation index
防腐剂 corrosion inhibitor
分散剂 dispersant
化学药品注入 chemical dosing
软化装置 softener
脱盐装置 demineralizer
离子交换树脂 ion exchanger resin
处理能力 breakthrough capacity
树脂交换能力 resin exchange capacity
再生效率 regenerative efficiency
再生能力 regenerative level
2床3塔 two beds three towers
纯水器 polisher
反渗透 reverse osmosis
电渗析 electrodialysis
活性污泥 activated sludge
曝气 aeration
返送污泥 return sludge
剩余污泥 excess sludge
污泥消化 sludge digestion
滴滤池 trickling filter
浮法 floatation
甲烷发酵 methane fermentation
硝化 nitrification
脱氮 denitrification
混合液中挥发性悬浮物质 mixed liquor volatile suspend solids
絮凝体 floc
浮渣scum
BOD负荷 BOD loading
污泥膨胀 bulking
12.6 水质
水质 quality of water
碱性 alkalinity
硬度 hardness
暂时硬度 temporary hardness
永久硬度 permanent hardness
硬水 hard water
软水 soft water
电导率 electric conductivity
残留氯 residual chlorine
溶解固体 dissolved solids
灼烧损失 ignition loss
水垢量 evaporation residue
灼烧残渣 ignition residue
浊度 turbidity
BOD (生化需氧量) biochemical oxygen demand
COD （化学需氧量） chemical oxygen demand
高锰酸钾消耗量 permanganate consumption
溶解氧 dissolved oxygen (DO)
大肠杆菌数 most probable number of coliform group (MPN)

13. 化工操作及工厂装置名称
13.1 反应
化学反应 chemical reaction
反映器 reactor
聚合釜 polymerizer
裂解 cracking
重整 reforming
重整炉 reformer
歧化 disproportionation
烷基化 alkylation
脱烷基化 dealkylation
烷基转移 transalkylation
氢化（加氢） hydrogenation
脱氢 dehydrogenation
加氢脱硫 hydrodesulfurization
加氢处理 hydrotreating
氢化裂解 hydrocracking
脱沥青 deasphalting
焦碳罐 coke drum
（CO）转换器 shift converter
甲烷转化器 methanator
分解器 decomposer
再生塔 regenerator
13.2 吸收，吸附，分离
吸收塔 absorber
洗涤塔 scrubber
脱CO2塔 decarbonator
吸附塔 absorber
脱气器 degasifier
干燥器 dryer
空气干燥器 air dryer
减湿装置 dehumidifier
汽提塔 stripper
萃取塔 extractor
净化器 purifier
深冷分离 low temperature separation
蒸馏塔 (1) distillatior
(2) fractionator
精馏塔 rectifier
常压蒸馏 topping
常压蒸馏塔 topper
稳定器 stabilizer
浓缩器 concentrator
结晶器 crystallizer
闪蒸罐 flash drum
分离器 separator
湿气分离器 mist separator
缓冲罐 knock-out drum
API分离器 API separator
油分离器 oil separator
油水分离器 decanter
沉淀器 settler
13.3 热交换
换热器 heat exchanger
在线换热器 transfer heat exchanger
加热炉 furnace
预热器 preheater
再热器 reheater
冷却塔 cooler
深冷器 chiller
再沸器 reboiler
热缸吸再沸器 thermosiphon reboiler
蒸发器 evaporator
汽化器 vaporizer
冷凝器 condenser
尾气冷凝器 vent condenser
省煤器 economizer
融解槽 melter
浸没燃烧 submerged combustion
废热锅炉 waste heat boiler
辅助锅炉 auxiliary boiler
13.4 其它
接受器 receiver
贮槽 (1) reservior
(2) holder
集气罐 accumulator
缓冲器 buffer
脉冲衰减装置 pulsation damper
计量罐 (1) measuring tank
(2) metering tank
急冷塔 quencher
喷射器 ejector
升压器 booster
循环器 recirculator
加料器 feeder
焚化炉 incinerator
火炬（烟囱） flare stack
惰性气体发生器 inert gas generator
空分装置 air separation appratus
流体床操作 fluid-bed operation
造粒塔 prilling tower
海水淡化装置 desalination plant

14. 流体名称及流体的性质
14.1 流体名
传热介质 heat transfer media
载热体（热媒） heating medium
冷却介质（冷媒） cooling medium
盐水 brine
催化剂 catalyst
聚合引发剂 polymerization initiator
促聚剂 polymerization promoter
活化剂 activator
聚合调整剂 polymerization modifier
阻聚剂 polymerization inhibitor
防腐剂 corrosion inhibitor
抑制剂 inhibitor
稳定剂 stabilizer
单体 monomer
聚合物 polyer
均聚物 homopolymer
共聚物 copolymer
母料 ｍａｓｔｅｒ　power
溶液 solution
乳浊液 emulsion
悬浊液 suspension
胶乳 latex
淤浆 slurry
母液 mother liquor
石脑油 naphtha
重油 heavy oil
芳香烃 BTX
P-P馏分 P-P fraction
C3馏分 C3 fraction
B-B馏分 B-B fraction
常压残渣 atomospheric residue
久沸残渣 long residuum
减压残渣 vacuum residue
蒸馏残渣 short residuum
轻馏分 light-end
重尾馏分 heavy end
溶剂 solvent
贫溶剂 lean solvent
富溶剂rich solvent
萃取 extract
提余液 raffinate
重整产品 reformate
液化天然气 LNG (liquefied natural gas)
液化石油气 LPG (liquefied petroleum gas)
干气 dry gas
酸性气 sour gas
无硫气 sweet gas
氮氧化物 NOX
硫氧化物 SOX
合成气 synthesis gas
转换气 converted gas
分子筛 molecular sieve
活性铝（氧化铝） (1) activated alumina
(2) active alumina
14.2 流体的性质
蒸汽压 vapor pressure
临界温度 critical temperature
临界点 critical point
临界压力 critical pressure
比热 specific heat
潜热 latent heat
湿度 humidity
密度 density
比重 specific gravity
API重度 API gravity
粘度 viscosity
动力粘度 kinetic viscosity
粘度指数 viscosity index
比粘度 specific viscosity
倾点 pour point
云点 cloud point
凝固点 freezing point
融点 melting point
浓度 (1) concentration
(2) content
颜色 (1) hue
(2) color
气味 (1) ordore
(2) smell
闪点 flash point
引火点 ignition point
热值 heating value
辛烷值 (1) octane number
(2) O-value
(3) O-rating
特性系数 characterization factor
PONA分析 PONA analysis
博士法试验 doctor test
碘值 (1) iodine number
(2) i-value
溴值 bromine number
焦碳残渣 carbon residue
铜板腐蚀试验 copper corrosion test
蒸馏曲线 distillation curve
14.3 粉体特性
安息角 angle of repose
壁面摩擦系数 coefficient of wall friction
颗粒密度 particle density
粉体密度 powder density
粘度分布 particle size distribution
末端速度 terminal velocity


15. 操作
15.1 操作，维护
操作说明书 operating instruction
标准操作程序 standard operating procedure
开车 start-up
试车 running-in
在操作中（在运转中）on stream
装载 load up
装罐（产品） run-down
停车 shut-down
预防修理（小修） turn-around
正常停车 normal shutdown
运转周期 run length
冲洗 flushing
喷射清洗 jet cleaning
化学清洗 chemical cleaning
大修 overhaul
盘车 barring
研磨 lapping
干燥 dry out
电干燥 electric drying
运转中检查（在线检查） on-stream inspection
在线维修 on-stream maintenance
生产保全 productive maintenance
间歇操作 batch operation
半间歇操作 semi-batch operation
连续操作 continuous operation
制备 preparation
补充 make-up
回收 recovery
再生 regeneration
循环 recycle
再循环 recycle
除焦 decoking
放空 vent
蒸汽吹扫 steaming out
吹扫 purge
抽真空 evacuation
吹出 blow-off
排污 blowdown
息火 blow-out
事故排放 emergency vent
安全放空 conservation vent
阻火器 flame arrester
防爆膜（爆破片） rupture disc
安全泄气阀 safety valve
事故切断阀 emergency valve
过流防止阀 excess flow valve
排放阀 discharge valve
破真空 vacuum breaker
大气腿 barometric leg
锁开 locked open
锁关 locked close
铅封开（未经允许不得关闭） car sealed open
旁路 by-pass
操作管线 on-stream line
备用 stand-by

15.2 操作状态
污染 containation
波动 fluctuation
操作稳定性 operating stability
溢流、液泛 flooding
沟流 channeling
停留时间 (1) residence time
(2) retention time
滞留量 hold up
界面 interface
飞沫 priming
物沫夹带 entrainment
漏液 weeping
发泡 foaming
回火 back-fire
净正吸入压头 NPSH
回流 reflux
转化率 conversion
进料 feed
输入 intake
冷凝液 condensate
放净 drain
塔顶流出物 overhead
釜液 bottoms
饱和蒸汽 saturated steam
过热蒸汽 superheated steam
直接蒸汽 live steam
窒息蒸汽 smothering steam
鼻烟蒸汽 snuffing steam
雾化蒸汽 atomizing steam

16. 防火和环保
16.1 消防设备
水龙带 fire hose
水管接口 water nozzle
消防栓 hydrant
供水口 siamese connection
泡沫灭火剂 foam
空气泡沫发生器 air foam chamber
上升管过滤器 riser strainer
消防软管接口 fire hose connection
泡沫接口 foam nozzle
水枪 monitor
喷头 head
喷头、喷嘴 spray
水喷淋（罐顶） deluge
水喷淋（罐壁） drencher
洒水器 sprinkler
雾化 fog
水喷淋 watering
CO2 灭火系统 CO2extinguishing system
灭火器 fire extinguisher
干粉灭火器 dry chemical powder
消防水泵 fire pump
稳压泵 jockey pump
消防车 fire fighting trunk
急救车、救护车 ambulance car

16.2 火灾报警设备
自动火灾报警系统 automatic fire alarm system
监视器 detector
发送器、变送器 transmitter
接收器 receiver
转送器 (1) translater
(2) repeater
火灾监视区 fire watching zone
火灾检测区 fire sensing zone
漏电报警器 leak alarm device

16.3 其它防火设备
阻火器 flame arrester
紧急切断阀 emergency isolation valve
安全（泄气）阀 safety valve
爆破片（膜） rupture disc
联锁 interlock
防护堤 dike
防爆墙 explosion proofing wall
避雷器 lightning arrester
避难指示灯 emergency directional light
避难路标 emergency directional indication
航空标识灯 (1) aircraft warning light
(2) aircraft obstruction light
静电保护 protection of static electricity
线桥 bonding
地耳 earth lug
气体检测器 gas detector
噪音累积器 noise exposure meter
16.4 电气防爆
防爆结构explosion-protected construction
增安型 increased safety type
隔爆型 flameproof type
本质安全型 (1) intrinsically safe type
(2) intrinsic safety type
正压通风型 pressurized type
浸油型 oil-immersed type
特殊型 special type
允许温升时间 permissible locked-rotor time
本安回路 intrisically safe circuit
本安连接回路 associated circuit of intrinsically safe system
非本安回路 non-intrinsically-safe circuit
本安电器设备 intrincally safe appratus
安全栅 barrier
正压通风室 pressurized room
密封 sealing
防爆容器 enclosure vessel

16.5 危险场所、火灾、爆炸
危险区 (1) hazardous area
(2) hazardous location
爆炸气体环境危险区 hazardous areas for explosive gas at6mosphere
粉尘危险区 hazardous area for dust
爆炸气体 explosive gas
粉尘 dust
危险源 source of hazard
爆炸等级 explosion class
引燃温度组别 ignition group
引燃点 (1) ignition point
(2) fire point
闪点 flash point
爆炸极限 (1) limit of explosion
(2) explosive limits
蒸汽密度 vapor density
点火源 ignition source
静电 static electrification
爆炸 explosion
气体爆炸 gas explosion
粉尘爆炸 dust explosion
蒸汽爆炸 vapor explosion
最小点火能 minimum ignition energy
自燃 spontaneous ignition
燃烧热 heat of combustion
燃烧波 combustion wave
火球 fire ball
一次灾害 primary disaster
二次灾害 secondary disaster
16.6 化学设备、危险物、有害物
允许浓度 acceptable concentrations
缺氧 want of oxygen
听力下降 hearing loss
16.7 安全
安全工程 safety engineering
人类工程学 human engineering
人机系统 man-machine system
定期维修 preventive maintenance
维修率 maintainability
利用率 avaiability
可靠性 reliability
持续性 redundancy
故障率 failure rate
故障分类 failure mode
故障间隔平均时间 mean time between failures
故障分类及影响分析 failure mode and effect analysis
故障树分析 fault tree analysis
安全性 fault tree analysis
减灾对策 fail-safe 防止误差操作 fool-proof 安全评价 safety assessment 工业事故
industrial accident 工业安全 industrial safety 安全管理 safety management 生产事故
labor accident 人身伤害 personal injury 事故统计 accident statistics 事故费
accident cost 伤害原因 injury source 人生防护用具 personal protective equipment 急救
first aid 劳动环境 labor environment

16.8 公害
环境评估 environmental assessment
环境标准 environmental standard
大气污染 air pollution
水污染water pollution
噪音 noise
土壤污染 (1) soil containment
(2) soil pollution
地基下沉 land subsidence



18 电气（含通信）
18.1 图面
电气用图例符号 graphical symbol for electircal appratus
室内配线用符号 graphical symbol of interior wiring digram for architectural plans
单线图 single line diagram
电力分布图 power distribution map
总接线图 overall connection diagram
顺序接线图，原理图 (1) sequence diagram
(2) schematic diagram
盘后接线图 panel-back connection diagram
装置内部接线图 device-inside connection diagram
联锁框图 interlock block diagram
继电器整定一览表 relay setting schedule
电机一览表 motor schedule
危险区域图 hazardous area plan
防爆设备一览表 list of explosion-protection for electrical equipment in hazardous areas
电气设备布置图 electrical equipment layout
电气设备一览表 electrical equipment schedule
单元配置图 unit arrangement
电动机控制中心柜表 control center cubicle unit schedule
主电缆走向图 main cable route plan
配线布置图 wiring layout
电缆布置详图 detail drawing for cable arrangement
电缆支架布置图 cable rack layout
电缆一览表 cable schedule
接地线布图 (1) grounding layout
(2) earthing layout
照明电路一览表 lighting panelboard circuit schedule
照明灯具一览表 lighting fixture schedule
通信系统布置图 communication system layout
火警系统布置图 fire alarm system layout
电气工程典型详图 typical detail drawing for electrical work
外形尺寸图 outline dimension drawing
端子箱详图 terminal box detail drawing
电气材料一览表 list of construction material for electrical work
18.2 电气一般
直流 direct curent (d-c)
交流 alternating current (a-c)
脉动电流 pulsating current
电功率 electric power
有效功率 (1) active power
(2) effective power
频率 frequency
市电频率 (1) power frequency
(2) commerical frequency
高次谐波 higher harmonics
有效值，均方根值 (1) effective value
(2) root-mean-square value
最大值 maximum value
峰值 (1) crest value
(2) peak value
平均值 mean value
波形系数 wave-form factor
失真率 distosion factor
相位 phase
相序 (1) phase sequence
(2) order of phase rotation
效率 efficiency
损失 loss
功率因素 power factor
功率因素补偿 power factor improvement
接线方式 connection
中性点 neutral point
中性线 (1) neutral line
(2) neutral condutor
配电线路方式 distribution line system
电压 voltage
低压 low voltage
高压 high voltage
特别高压 extra-high voltage
超电压 ultra-high voltage
标准电压 standard voltage
公称电压 nominal voltage
最高电压 maximum voltage
额定电压 rated voltage
线电压 (1) line-to-line voltage
(2) line voltage
相电压 phase voltage
外加电压 (1) applied voltage
(2) impressed voltage
对地电压 (1) line-to-ground voltage
(2) voltage to ground
终端电压 terminal voltage
剩余电压 residual voltage
反常电压 abnormal veoltage
冲击电压 impulse voltage
电涌电压 surge voltage
开闭异常电压 switching abnormal voltage
接触电压 touch voltage
阶跃电压 step voltage
绝缘强度 dielectric strength
漏电距离 creepage distance
绝缘距离 insulation clearance
电压调节，稳压 voltage regulation
电压降 voltage drop
瞬间电压降 voltage dip
电流 current
额定电流 rated current
许用电流 allowable current
起动电流 starting current
冲流，涌流 (1) rush current
(2) inrush current
短路电流 short-circuit current
接地电流 (1) ground-fault current
(2) earth-fault current
激磁电流 exciting current
充电电流 charging current
放电电流 discharging current
短时电流 short-time current
断路电流 (1) interrupting current
(2) breaking current
断路时间 (1) interrupting time
(2) breaking time
接通时间 (1) making time
(2) closing time
操作时间，工作时间 operating time
起动时间 starting time
阻抗电压 impedance voltage
负荷 burden
导体 conductor
半导体 semiconductor
绝缘体 (1) insulator
(2) insulating material
电阻 resistance
电阻率 (1) resistivity
(2) specific resistance
内阻 internal resistance
电抗 reactance
阻抗 impedance
磁感应 magnetic induction
电磁力 electromagnetic force
电磁感应 electormagnetic induction
电感 inductance
静电 static electrcity
静电力 electrostatic force
静电感应 electrostatic induction
电容 (1) electrostalic capacity
(2) capacitance
感应干扰 electrical interference effect
气体放电 gaseous discharge
无照电流 dark current
火花放电 spark discharge
电晕放电 corona dischage
电弧放电 arc discharge
辉光放电 glow discharge
集肤效应 skin effect
电蚀 electrohytic corrosion
电防蚀，阴极保护 cathodic protection
触电 electric shock
漏电 leak
18.3 电源和配电
电源 power source
市电电源 (1) commercial power
(2) purchased power
自备电源 (1) generated power
(2) in plant generated power
正常电源 normal power supply
备用电源 stand-by power supply
应急电源 emergency power supply
不停电电源 uninterruptible power supply
发电 power generation
发电厂 (1) power station
(2) power plant
受电站 receiving station
变电所 substation
配电室 switch room
配电所 switch yard
功率通量 power flow
输电 power transmission
输电线 transmission line
输电系统 transmission system
输电端 sending end
输电电压 transimission voltage
输电端电压 sending end voltage
交叉换位 transposition
受电 (1) power receiving
(2) power reception
接受端 receving end
受电电压 receving voltage
配电 power distribution
配电线 distribution line
干线 (1) main line
(2) trunk line
支线 branch line
电源线 power line
配电系统 distribution system
配电电压 distribution voltage
模拟母线 mimic bus
母线 (1) bus
(2) busbar
接地母线 (1) grounding bus
(2) earthing bus
责任分界点 responsibility transfer point
用电户 electric power consumer
最大需用电力 maximum demand
最大电负荷 (1) maximum load
(2) maxuimum power
电消耗 power consumption
安装负荷 installed load
需用率 demand factor
负荷率 load factor
盐腐 salt contamination
停电 (1) power failure
(2) service interruption
接地故障 (1) ground fault
(2) earth fault
断线 breaking of wire
短路 short-circuit
过载电流 overcurrent
过载电压 overvoltage
欠压 undervoltage
带电电线 hot-line
18.4电气设备
电气设备 electrical equipment
直流发电机 d-c generator
交流发电机 (1) a-c generator
(2) alternator
同步发电机 synchronous generator
感应发电机 induction generator
发电机 generator set
发电机电动机 generator-motor
直流电动机 d-c motor
同步电动机 synchronous motor
感应电动机 induction motor
鼠笼式感应电动机 squirrel-cage induction motor
绕线感应电动机 wound-rotor induction motor
交流整流式电动机 a-c commutator motor
转子 rotor
定子 stator
电枢 armature
整流子commutator
磁场 field
励磁 excitation
励磁电流 exciting current
励磁机 exciter
阻尼线圈 (1) damper winding
(2) amortisseur winding
同步 synchronism
同步速度 synchronous speed
牵入 pull-in
牵出 pull-out
同步化 synchronization
振动，猎振 hunting
起动starting
起动电流 starting current
起动时间 starting time
起动器 starter
起动变阻箱 starting rheostat
起动补偿器 (1) starting compensator
(2) auto-transformer starter
直接起动 direct-on line starting
星三角起动 (1) star-delta starting
(2) wye-delta starting
补偿器起动 (1) compensator starting
(2) auto-transformer starting
部分绕组起动 part-winding starting
电抗器起动 reactor starting
短路环 shading coil
旋转方向 direction of rotation
满负载速度 full –load speed
变速电动机 (1) variable speed motor
(2) adjustable speed motor
速度调节装置 speed control equipment
转矩 torque
满负荷转矩 full-load torque
转矩-速度曲线 torque-speed curve
反向制动 plugging
发电制动 dynamic braking
再生制动regenerative braking
微动 inching
短路系数 short-circuit ratio
轴承电压 shaft voltage
涡流 cross current
回转磁场 revolving magnetic field
磁场中心 magnetic cnter
轴向间隙 end play
推力 thrust
轴承 bearing
基座号 frame number
外壳 enclosure
变压器 transformer
匝数比 turn ratio
最大效率 maximum efficiency
极性 polarity
保油箱 conservator
接地屏蔽 grounded shield
抽头转换开关 tap changer
滑线调压器 slide voltage regulator
交流不停电电源设备（UPS）(1) uninterruptible a-c power supply system
(2) non-breaking a-c power supply system
电动发电机组 motor-generator set
蓄电池 (1)storage battery
(2)accumualtor
铅蓄电池 lead-acid battery
碱性蓄电池 alkaline battery
放电率 discharge rate
放电终了电压 final discharge voltage
充电器 battery charge
初充电 initial charge
浮充电 floating charge
均匀充电 equalizing charge
整流器 rectifier
静电电容器 (1) power capacitor
(2) static condenser
电感式调压器 induction voltage regulator
自动调压器 automatic voltage regulator
自动同步机 selsyn
配电板 switchboard
封闭式配电盘 metal-enclosed switch board
单元封闭式配电盘 unit metal-enclosed switchboard
开启式配电盘 open type switchboard
密封配电盘 cubicle
铠装配电盘 metalclad switch board
负荷中心柜 load center cubicle
电力中心柜 power center cubicle
电动机控制中心柜 (1) control center cubicle
(2) motor control center
拼式配电盘 mosaic switchboard
照光配电盘 luminated switchboard
配电板 panels grouped to form a switchboard
盘后配线 panel-back wiring
配电板 （1） distribution board
(2) panel board
开关装置 switchgear
断路器 circuit breaker (CB)
18.5 控制、运行
保持 holding
复位、重置 reset
设定 setting
释放 release
脱离 drop-out
激磁 energized
跳闸 tripping
中断、切断 (1) interruption
(2) interrupting
断路 (1)disconnecting
(2)isolating
继电器 relay
延时继电器 time relay
控制开关 control switch
接点、触点 contact
指示灯 pilot lamp
试验端子 testing terminal
运行，操作，运转 running,operating,working
关闭 closing
自清理作用 (1) self-cleaning effect
(2) self-wiping effect
反跳 (1) chattering
(2) bouncing
潜动 creeping
浮动，漂浮 floating
熔合触点 welding of contact
烧毁 (1)burning
(2)burn-out
连续运行 continuous duty
短时间运行 short-time duty
间歇运行 intermittent duty
周期运行，定期运行 periodic duty
操作系数 operating factor
连续运行定额 continuous rating
短时间运行定额 short-time rating
18.6 接地
接地 (1)grounding
(2)earthing
静电接地保护 grounding for static-electricity protection
避雷接地 grounding for lightning protection
系统接地 system grounding
有效接地系统 effectively grounded system
连续接地 inter-connected grounding
接地母线 grounding bus
接地回路 grounding circuit
接地电阻 (1) grounding resistance
(2) resistance to ground
接地装置 grounding device
中性点接地装置 neutral grounding device
接地导体 grounded conductor
避雷针 (1) lightning rod
(2) lightning preventer
架空地线 overhead ground wire
雷 (1) lightning
(2) thunder
雷击 lighting strike


18.7 照明
照明 (1)lighting
(2)illumination
照明器具 (1) lighting fixture
(2) luminaire
(3) lighting fitting
光源 lumious source
光通量 lumious flux
光强度 lumious intensity
照度 (1) illuminance
(2) intensity of illumination
辉度 luminance
光强度分布曲线 (1) lumious intensity distribution curve
(2) light distribution curve
等照度曲线 (1) isoluxcurve
(2) isophoto curve
照度标准 (1)standard illumination intensity
(2)standard level of illumination
照明利用率 (1)coefficiency of utilization
(2)utilization factor
维修率 maintenance factor
房号指标 room index
作业面 working plane
发光率 (1)luminaire efficiency
(2)light output ratio of fitting
光照效率 (1)efficiency of lumious source
(2)lumious efficiency of lamp
复色光 color rendering properties
荧光 luminescence
电加热 electirc heating
电阻加热 resistance heating
电弧加热 arc heating
感应加热 induction heating
电感加热 dielectric heating
红外线加热 infrared radiation heating
管线电伴热 electric heating of pipe line
绝缘电线 sheathed wire
电炉 electric furnace
18.8 通信
通信系统 (1)intercommunication system
(2)communication system
清晰度 (1)articulation
(2)persent articulation
可懂度 (1)intelligibility persent
(2)intelligibility
噪音，杂音 noise
听觉范围 auditory sensation area
音强 sound intensity
音压 sound pressure
音压等级 sound pressure
噪音等级 (1)noise level
(2)sound level
响度 loudness level
输出声音功率 sound power of source
功率等级 power level
增益 gain
信噪比 signal-to-noise ratio
周波特性 frequency characteristic
方向特性 directivity characteristic
阻抗匹配 impedance matching
衰减器 attenuator
放大器 amplifier
电话 (1)telephone
(2)telephony
电话机 telephone set
电话交换机 (1) telephone exchange
(2)telephone exchanger
内部交换机 private branch-exchange (PBX)
内部中转台 attendant board
分散式中转系统 subscriber-attended PABX system
电话中转器 (1)telephone repeater
(2)repeater
局内线指示箱 trunk line indication box
夜间转送装置 night transfer set
寻呼系统 public address system
自动寻呼交换机 automatic exchange with public addressing function
传呼系统 (1)paging system
(2)paging equipment
听筒 handset
音箱，喇叭 (1)speaker
(2)loud speaker
按扭式对讲机 press-to-talk conversation
电话会议 conference talk
对讲机 interphone
记时系统 clock system
工业用电视 industrial television (ITV)
监视器 (1)monitor television
(2)picture monitor
无线通讯设备 (1)radio communication equipment
(2)wireless communication equipment
固定台 fixed station
移动台 mobile station
天线 antenna
aerial
发射机 transmitter
接受机 receiver
收发机 transmitter- receiver
无线话筒 wireless microphone
调制 modulation
解调 demodulation
选择性 selectivity
灵敏度 sensutivity
保真度 fidelity
18.9 配线材料
电线 (1) electric wire
(2) wire
绝缘电线 insulated wire
聚氯乙烯绝缘电线 (1)polyvinyl-chloride insulated wire
(2)thermoplastic-covered wire
户外用聚氯乙烯绝缘电线 outdoor weather-proof polyvinyl-chloride insulated wire (OW-wire)
架空滑触线 trolley wire
软导线 cord
导线截面积 conductor cross-section area
心线 core
电缆 (1)cable
(2)electric cable
电视摄象机 television camera
护套 sheath
铠装 armor
橡皮绝缘线 (1)cabtyre cable
(2)flexible tough cable
无机绝缘电缆 mineral insulated cable
组合槽电缆 combined duct cable
屏蔽电缆 (1)shielded cable
(2)screened cable
充油电缆 oil-filled cable
电缆头 (1)cable head
(2)cable pot-head
电缆沟 cable trench
电缆槽 cable trough
电缆管cable duct
电缆支架，托架 (1)cable rack
(2)cable tray
地下槽 (1)floor duct
(2)underfloor duct
电线管 raceway
悬缆线 messenger wire
导线管 conduit tube
刚性金属电线管 rigid steel conduit
铝电线管 aluminum conduit
硬聚氯乙烯电线管 hard polyvinyl-chloride conduit
柔性电线管 flexible conduit
电线管附件 (1)conduit fittings
(2)condulets
接线箱 junction box
穿线盒 pull box
（电线）地盒 floor box
电源插座盒outlet box
插座孔 (1)receptacle
(2)socket outlet
压线板 crimp terminal
夹紧端子compression terminal
铜管端子copper pipe terminal
夹子接线端 clamp terminal
线夹 cleat
绝缘胶带 adhensive tape
自粘接带self-bonding tape
紧固线(1)binding wire
(2)tie wire
绝缘膏 compound
绝缘子 insulator
18.10 电气加工
配线 wiring
暗配线 concealed wiring
明配线 (1)exposed wiring
(2)open wiring
电缆敷设 cable laying
地下线路 underground line
地上线路 on-ground line
架高线路 pipe stand line
架空线路 overhead line
接头 (1)connection
(2)joint
端头处理 (1) termination
(2)cable and treatment
铝热焊 thermit welding
母线槽配线工作 bus duct wiring work
绝缘子架线工作 inslator-supported wiring work
18.11 测定，试验
接地电阻试验 grounding resistance test
earth resistance test
绝缘电阻试验 insulation resistance test
绝缘耐压试验 (1)dielectric strength test
(2)high-voltage withstand test
极性测试 polarity checking test
绝缘油试验 insulation oil checking test
温度上升试验 temperature rise test
继电器试验 relay checking test
机构动作试验 mechanism operating test
动作顺序试验 (1)sequence test
(2)verification of operational function
旋转方向测试check of direction of rotation
无负荷试验 no-load test
负荷试验 actual loading test
导通试验 continuity test
通电试验 energizing test
点灯试验 lighting on-off test
精度等级 accuracy class
精度 precision
双功率表法 two-wattmeter method
电压降法 fall-of potential method
仪用变压器 instrument transformer
分流器 shunt
增倍器 multiplier
电流互感器 current transformer
零序电流互感器 zero-phase sequence current transformer (ZCT)
电压互感器 (1)potentical transformer
(2)voltage tansformer
探测线圈 search coil
动圈式仪表 moving-coil type meter
电力测功计 electrodynamometer type meter
广角式测量仪 wide angle type meter
扩展刻度盘 extended scale
电流表 ammeter
电压表 voltmeter
电子电压表 electronic voltmeter
功率表 wattmeter
电度表 (1)watt-hour meter
(2)integrating power meter
最大需用量表 maximum demand meter
功率因素表 power-factor meter
频率表 frequency meter
磁通量计 fluxmeter
电流计 galvanometer
电位差计 potentionmeter
单臂电桥 wheatstone bridge
双电桥 double brige
交流电桥 a-c brige
接地电阻计 (1)grounding-resistance meter
(2)earthing-resistance meter
兆欧表 (1)insulation resistance meter
(2)megger
耐电压试验器 withstand voltage tester
绝缘油耐压试验器 withstand voltage tester for insulation oil
介质损耗仪 dielecetric loss tangent meter
继电器试验仪 relay tester
电路测试仪 (1)circuit tester
(2)tester
电路电流计 line current tester
相序指示器 phase rotation indicator
周陡计数器 cycle counter
频闪仪 stroboscope
测速器 tachometer
照度计 illumination meter


19. 仪表
19.1 图面
仪表盘布置图 instrument arrangement on panel
模拟盘尺寸图 flow plan for graphic panel
仪表供电及接地系统图 instrument power supply & grounding diagram
联锁系统图 interlock block diagram
仪表回路图 instrument loop diagram
仪表导压管连接图 instrument pressure piping hook-up
仪表蒸汽伴热管连接图 instrument steam tracing hook-up
分析仪器管连接图 analyzer piping hook-up
控制室内仪表盘布置图layout of instrument panel in control room
控制室内管线布置图layout of instrument wiring & piping in control room
仪表主电缆桥架布置图layout of instrument main cable duct
仪表主电缆布置图layout of instrument main cable
仪表接线图layout of instrument wiring
仪表空气配管图（信号）layout of instrument air piping-supply air
仪表空气配管图（供气）layout of instrument air piping-supply air
仪表公用工程管线布置图layout of utility piping for instrument
仪表接地布置图 grounding layout for instrument
现场仪表布置图plot plan of field instrument
仪表配管、配线区域划分图key plan for instrument layout drawing
仪表安装图 typical drawing for instrument fabrication
预制件制作图typical drawing for instrument fabrication
仪表管线连接端子表instrument wiring & tubing connection list
控制室内管线连接端子表instrument wiring & tubing connection list in control room
仪表施工材料表material list for instrument
19.2 仪表控制
模拟信号analog signal
数字信号digital signal
反馈控制feedback control
前馈控制feedforward control
串级控制cascade control
超驰控制override control
分配控制batch control
顺序控制sequence control
比例控制proportional control action
积分控制integral control
微分控制derivative control action
两位式作用on-off control action
正作用direct action
反作用reverse action
报警装置annunciator
联锁装置interlock system
计数器data logger
巡回检测器scanner
演算器computing element
力平衡force balance
位移平衡motion balance
变送器transmitter
仪表保温伴热一览表heating schedule
仪表设备一览表instrument schedule
19.3 测试仪器
热电偶thermocouple
热电阻resistance thermometer bulb
双金属温度计bimetallic type dial thermometer
温度计保护管thermowell
冷端(1)reference junction
(2)cold junction
熔断 burn-out
补偿导线extension wire
孔板orifice
同心孔板concentric orifice
偏心孔板eccentric orifice
圆缺孔板segmental orifice
文丘里管venturi tube
流量喷嘴flow nozzle
取压方式orifice taps
法兰取压flange taps
1D，1/2D取压1D and 1/2Dtaps
角接取压corner taps
毕托管pitot tube
面积式流量计variable area flow meter
容积式流量计positive displacement flow meter
透平流量计turbine meter
电磁流量计magnetic flow meter
压力开关pressre switch
差压变送器differential pressure transmitter
压力计manometer
玻璃管液位计tubular type gage glass
反射式玻璃板液位计reflect type gage glass
透光式液位计through-vision type gage glass
浮子式液位计through-vision type gage glass
19.4 控制阀和安全阀
SAUNDERS阀门 SAUNDERS valve
自力式阀门self-acting control valve
阀门定位器valve positioner
分程split range
故障保持failure lock
阀门流量特性曲线flow characteristic of valve
幅度变化范围rangeability
CV值 CV value
阀门驱动器 valve actuator
安全阀 safety valve
微起式 low lift
全起式 high lift
直通式 full bore valve
驰放阀 relief valve
设定压力set pressure
累积压力accumulation pressure
超压over pressure
19.5 其它
全模拟盘full-graphic panel
半模拟盘semi-graphic panel
操作柜 console panel
仪表盘安装形式 flush mount
工业用气象色谱仪process gas chromatograph
红外线分析仪 infrared analyzer
热导分析仪thermal conductivity analyzer
采样系统sampling system
微型阀门miniature valve
空气过滤减压器air filter regulator
三阀组 3-valve manifold
隔离罐 seal pot
冷凝罐condensate pot
排放罐drain pot
虹吸罐(1)siphon pipe
(2)siphon tube
脉动阻尼器pulsation dampener
接线箱junction box
隔板bulkhead
支座管pipe stanchion
底座channel base
分析计屋analyzer shed
升压继电器 booster relay
记录仪trend recorder
辅助继电器 pilot relay

20. 土建
20.1 图面、计算、规定
工程图 engineering drawing
工厂制造图shop drawing
施工图working drawing
大样图full-size drawing
最终图、竣工图as-built drawing
平面布置图plan plot
立面布置图framing elevation
剖面详图section detail
配筋图bar arrangement drawing
长期荷载(1)permanent load
(2)long-time load
(3)long-term load
短期荷载(1)temporary load
(2)short-time load
(3)short-term load
静荷载、恒载dead load
活荷载(1)live load
(2)superimposed load
动力荷载 dynamic load
风荷载 wind load
雪荷载snow load
地震荷载(1)seismic load
(2)earthquake load
土压力earth pressure
轴向荷载axial load
轮压wheel load
允许压力allowable unit stress
28天强度four-week age strength
地基承载力、地耐力 bearing capacity of soil
桩承载力bearing capacity of pile
建筑面积 building area
楼层面积 floor area
建筑总面积total floor area
檐高eaves height
确认申请application for confirmation
一层 (1)first floor
(2)ground floor
二层 (1) second floor
(2)first floor
地下室 basement
雨蓬 penthouse
静力荷载static load
20.2 调查
室外气温 (1)outdoor temperature
(2)ambient temperature
风速 wind velocity
主导风向 most frequent wind direction
降雨量 (1)amount of rainfall
(2)rainfall depth
降雨强度 rainfall intensity
积雪量 amount of deposited snow
冻结深度(1)depth of frost penetration
(2)freezing depth
地震系数 (1)seismic coefficient
(2)seismic factor
地形测量、勘察 topographical survey
水准点 bench mark(BM)
三角点(1)triangulation station
(2)station of triangulation
基准面 (1)datum plane
(2)datum reference
土质调查、土质勘察 (1)soil exploration
(2)soil investigation
钻井柱状图(1)columnar section
(2)boring log
地下水位ground-water level
标准贯入试验 standard penetration test (SPT)
平板载荷试验 plate loading test
软弱地基poor subsoil
岩石地基base rock
粘性土cohensive soil
砂土sandy soil
黄土loam
第三纪层tertiary deposit
第四纪层 quartenary deposit
洪积土层 diluvial deposit
冲击土层alluvial deposit
火成岩 igneous rock
水成岩、沉积岩 sedimentary rock
变质岩、变成岩 metamorphic rock
淤泥 silt
20.3 建筑设计
钢筋混凝土结构 reinforced concrete construction
钢结构steel framed construction
钢骨混凝土结构 steel-framed reinforced construction
木结构(1)timber construction
(2)wooden construction
钢架 rigid frame
独立基础(1)individual footing
(2)independent footing
(3)isolated footing
(4)single footing
条形基础、连续基础 continuous footing
浮筏基础 (1)mat footing
(2)raft footing
联合基础 combined footing
结构构件structure member
构造用木材fixture lumber
柱(1)column
(2)post
(3)pillar
(4)stud
(5)strut
主梁、大梁 grider
次梁、小梁、单梁 (1)joist
(2)beam
支撑 (1)brace
(2)bracing
角撑 (1)angle tie
(2)angle brace
檩条 purlin
钉板 furring strip
窗下墙 wainscot
楼板夹层 (1)raised flooring system
(2)access flooring system
楣 lintel
女儿墙 parapet
勒脚、踢脚板（线）(1)plinth
(2)skirting
(3)baseboard
隔墙 partition wall
防火门 fire door
天窗 skylight
通风顶、采光顶 monitor roof
水落管 (1)rain leader
(2)downspout
檐沟 eaves gutter
天沟 (1)valley flashing
(2)valley fitting
门窗连接件 (1)joinery
(2)building fitting
百叶窗 louver
现浇混凝土（构件）(1)cast-in-place concrete
(2)cast-in-site concrete
(3)cast-in-situ concrete
运输中搅拌混凝土 ready-mixed concrete
加气混凝土 air-entrained concrete
化学添加剂 (1)chemical admixture
(2)chemical additive
早强硅酸盐水泥 high-early-strength portland cement
圆形钢筋 round bar
异形钢筋 deformed bar
焊接钢丝（筋）网 (1)welded wire mesh
(2)welded wire fabric
耐酸材料 acid-proofing material
钢化玻璃 tempered glass
铅丝玻璃 wire glass
石棉水泥板 asbestos cement board
吸音板 acoustical board
塑料瓷砖vinyl tile
水磨石terrazzo
镀锌铁皮galvanized iron sheet
篦子板 grating
型钢rolled steel section
防火层 fireproofing
台面table top
管廊 (1)pipe rack
(2)pipe bridge
(3)pipe bank support
20.4 土木设计
地基处理 soil improvement
地基沉降consolidation
不均匀沉降 (1)uneven settlement
(2)differential settement
挡土墙 retaining wall
铺砌 pavement
柔性铺砌 flexible pavement
刚性铺砌rigid pavement
路宽 (1)width of carriage way
(2)roadway width
路肩 shoulder
侧沟gutter
缘石(1)kerb
(2)curb
旁轨、岔线 railway siding
车输编组站 （1）switchyard
(2) mashalling yard
车辆装载界限 (1)car cleanrance
(2)car gauge
建筑红线 (1)construction gauge
(2)track clearance
轨距 (1)gage
(2)gauge
枕木 (1)tie
(2)sleeper
分道岔、转辙器 (1)turnout
(2)switch and frog
岔口、道口，平面交叉 (1)grade-crossing
(2)road-crossing
潮位 tide level
相对基准线 comparative datum line
护岸设施 counter-facility
防波堤 breakwater
埠头jetty
停泊设施(1)mooring facility
(2)wharves
码头 terminal facilities
锚位、停泊地berth
泊岸mooring wharf
（码头）栈桥 landing pier
quaywall
系缆桩dolphin
护舷材、碰垫 fender
清淤、挖泥 dredging
埋填reclamation
流量系数 (1)coefficient of discharge
(2)ratio of run-off
明沟 (1)open channel
(2)open culvert
暗沟、涵洞 (1)culvert
(2)closed conduit
集水面 catch basin
集水坑 sump box
虹吸池 siphon culvert
堰坝 weir



20.5 建筑设备设计
空调（空气调节）air conditioning
集中空调设施 central air conditioning facility
单体式空调设施 unit air condition facility
包式空调器 packaged air conditioner
风管系统fan coil unit
加湿器 humidifier
最佳温度optimum temperature
室内温湿度设计值 indoor design temperature and humidity
冷却负荷cooling load
采暖负荷 heating load
湿度曲线图 psychrometric chart
风暖、热风采暖 warm air heating
水暖、热水采暖hot water heating
气暖、蒸汽采暖steam heating
气流调节器 damper
扩散管anemostat
进气口fresh air inlet
送气口air diffuser
排气口(1)air outlet
(2)exhaust
循环空气 return air
通风 ventilation
自然通风natural ventilation
机械通风mechanical ventilation
局部排气local exhaust ventilation
换气频率number of air changes
供水设备water supply facility
热水提供设备hot water supply facility
室内排水house drainage
卫生设备sanitary fixture
污水管 spetic water pipe
缸瓦管 vitrified clay pipe
清扫口cleanout
曝气 aeration
净化槽septic tank
通气管 vent pipe
20.6 工程
临时设施 temporary facility
标高及布置 leveling and layout
脚手架 scaffolding
打桩(1)piling work
(2) pile driving work
碎石 broken stone
排水工程 (1)drain work
(2)dewatering
土方工程 earth work
开挖 (1)excavation
(2)digging
回填（土）backfilling
填土(1)banking
(2)filling
强夯 soil compacting
场地平整 grading
采土场地(1)borrow area
(2)borrow pit
支模、拆模 form work
模板 (1)form
(2)shuttering
撑（脚手架）(1)timbering
(2)supporting
护角 chamfer
滑模sliding form
混凝土施工concrete work
找平混凝土标志 leveling concrete
骨料 aggregate
细骨料fine aggregate
粗骨料coarse aggregate
采石场quarry
钢筋施工reinforcement work
钢结构施工 steel work
工厂制造 shop work
安装、装配 erection of framing
安装螺栓fitting bolt
砖石施工、砌砖工程 masonry work
半砖砌筑transverse bond
一砖砌筑longitudinal bond
防水施工waterproofing work
瓷砖贴面施工tile work
木工作业(1)carpentry
(2)carpenter’s work
五金施工 metal work
予埋件(1)ｉｎｓｅｒｔ　plate
(2)embeded plate
膨胀螺栓hole-in-anchor
抹面plaster work
门窗安装 joiner’s work
铺石板工作slate work
油漆施工、喷漆painting work
表面处理 surface preparation work
内装修施工interior finish work
建筑设备施工 building equipment work
卫生管道施工plumbing

21 施工
21.1 一般工程
安装installation
组装施工modular construction
碎屑scrap
剩料surplus material
现场组装、装配field fabrication
预制prefabrication
组装施工assembling work
21.2 土木机械
塔吊tower crane
打桩机pile driver
铲动机scraper
抓斗式挖土机clamshell
拉索挖土机dragline
挖掘机power shovel
挖土机backhoe
推土机bulldozer
铲土机shovel loader
平路机、压路机motor grader
挖泥船dredger
轮胎式压路机tire roller
三轮压路机macadam roller
两轮压路机tandem roller
振动式压路机、夯vibrating roller
压实机、夯具(1)vibro-soil compactor
(2)soil compactor
蛤蟆夯 rammer
沥青喷洒器asphalt sprayer
制造沥青装置asphalt plant
制造混凝土装置concrete plant
混凝土搅拌机concrete mixer
混凝土搅拌车(1)truck mixer
(2)concrete mixing car
混凝土泵concrete pump
振捣器、振动器vibrator
21.3 起吊，搬运
抱杆gin pole
门式抱杆、门式塔架gate type gin pole
顶梁top beam
拉索锚碇guy wire anchor
拉索、幌绳guy wire
吊索、起重绳hoisting wire
牵索夹wire clips
钩环、吊环shackles
吊索sling wire
滑轮组pulley block
绞盘winch
汽车吊truck crane
履带式起重机crawler crane
铲车、叉车forklift truck
浮船吊floating crane
倒链chain block
千斤顶jack
滑块skid
枕木sleeper
卷轴、滚筒、辊子roller
移动式输送机portable conveyor
21.4 试验、检查工具
水压试验泵hydrostatic test pump
管道镜、光学孔径仪borescope
测压器voltage detector
拉伸仪tension gauge
振动计、示振仪vibroscope
噪音计sound level meter
表面温度计surface thermometer
光学高温计optical pyrometer
指示器indicator
压力表试验机pressure gauge tester
风速表、气流计anemometer
硬度试验机hardness tester
火花试验标准片standard piece for spark test
21.5 通用工程器材
螺栓bolt
螺母nut
垫圈、垫片washer
弹簧垫圈spring washer
机器螺丝（钉）machine screw
木螺丝wood screw
膨胀螺栓expansion bolt
顶丝jack bolt
模板template
型钢(1)shape steel
(2)section steel
钢板steel plate
钢筋、圆钢round steel
带钢(1)band steel
(2)hoop iron
扁钢(1)flat bar
(2)flat steel
钢管 steel pipe
管件fitting
21.6 作业机械
车床lathe
落地车床face lathe
转塔式六角车床turret lathe
自动车床 automatic lathe
螺纹加工车床(1)thread cutting lathe
(2)screw cutting lathe
立式车床vertical lathe
钻床drilling machine
摇臂钻radial drilling machine
镗床 boring machine
铣床 milling machine
立式铣床vertical milling machine
刨床(1)planer
(2)planing machine
成形机、牛头刨床(1)shaper
(2)shaping machine
立刨床、插床(1)slotter
(2)slotting machine
磨床grinding machine
研磨机lapping machine
镗磨床honing machine
超精加工机床(1)superfinishing machine
(2)superfinisher
抛光机 (1)buffing machine
(2)polishing machine
插齿机gear cutting machine
齿轮研磨机(1)gear grinder
(2)gear grinding machine
齿轮抛光机gear finish machine
剥孔机、拉床broaching machine
21.7 木工机械
带锯band saw machine
圆盘锯circular sawing machine
刨锯planing and moulding machine
木工钻wood drilling machine
制榫机hollow chisel mortiser
21.8 制罐、扳金机械
机械夹具mechanical press
曲柄夹具crank press
非曲柄夹具crankless press
折向点夹具knuckle joint press
摩擦螺丝夹具friction screw press
压弯成形机(1)press brake
(2)bending brake
弯板机bending roll machine
锯sawing machine
剪切机shearing machine
21.9 各种工程用工具
发电机engine generator
移动式空气压缩机portable air compressor
潜水泵submerged pump
砂轮切断机(1)abrasive cut-off machine
(2)friction sawing machine
坡口机pipe-end facing machine
电焊机welding machine
涨管机tube expander
钢筋切断机steel bar cutter
钢筋弯曲机steel bar bender
弯管机pipe bender
攻丝工具screw cutting tool
切管机pipe cutter
清管器pig
膨胀螺栓hole-in-anchor
电缆切断器cable cutter
电缆弯曲器cable bender
电缆卷轴架cable jack
电缆卷盘cable roller
电缆牵引线fish wire
终端卷边器terminal crimping tool
终端压缩器terminal compressing tool
电缆剥皮机cable stripper
刀具metal tool
开口机lock seam opener
封口机lock seamer
镘刀、泥铲trowel
灰耙、锄mixing hoe
油脂注射器grease gun
检查用灯inspection light
电动便携剪切机electric hand shear
轻便电钻portable electric drill
风钻(1)air drill
(2)pneumatic drill
砂轮grinder
钢锯、弓锯hacksaw
老虎钳vise
夹钳、模dies
丝锥hand taps
活动扳手adjustable taps wrench
绞刀、扩孔锥reamer
锉、锉刀file
凿子、钢钎chisel
冲子punch
刮刀、削刀scraper
扳手、扳钳wrench
管钳pipe wrench
力矩扳手torque wrench
扳手spanner
齿轮拆卸器gear puller
钳子、花钳plier
镊子、夹子、小钳子nipper
刀具cutter
改锥driver
榔头、锤子hammer
铁皮剪tinners scissors
21.10 测量工具
千分尺micrometer
刻度计dial gauge
块规block gauge
缸径规cylinder gauge
极限规limit gauge
游标卡尺vernier caliper
深度计depth gauge
厚度计thickness gauge
圆角规radius gauge
螺距尺screw pitch gauge
坡口仪groove gauge
尺子rule
测径规caliper
直角尺square
直尺、标尺straightedge
水准仪level
平板surface plate
平面规surface gauge
V形槽板V-block
磁性台座magnetic bass


22.1 检验及处理
检验inspection
质量合格标准acceptance quality level (AQL)
检验及试验报告inspection and test record
材料证明书(1)material mill test certificate
(2)material mill test report
批量 lot
公差tolerence
允差allowable error
误差error
表差instrument error
补正correction
尺寸公差dimensional tolerence
圆度out-of -roundness
直线度straightness
错边量alignment tolerence
中间检查(1)interim inspection
(2)inspection during fabrication or manufacturing
最终检查 final inspection
再检查re-inspection
预组装检验temporary assembly inspection
抽样检验sampling inspection
文件审查document review
尺寸检验dimension inspection
外观检验(1)appearance inspection
(2)visual inspection
性能试验performance test
加载试验load test
空载试验no-load test
闭和回路试验loop test
运转试验mechanical running test
Cv试验Cv test
设定压力试验set pressure test
回座试验blowdown test
22.2 压力试验
压力试验pressure test
水压试验hydrostatic test
气压试验pneumatic test
气密试验air tightness test
泄漏试验leak test
卤气泄露试验halogen gas leak test
氦泄漏试验helium leakage test
阀门打压试验seat leakage test
蒸汽试验steam test
盛水试验full water test
真空试验vacuum test
无损检验non-destructive examination (NDT)
液体渗透检验liquid penetrant examination(PT)
磁粉探伤检验magnetic particle examination (MT)
超声波探伤检验ultrasonic examination (UT)
涡流探伤eddy current examination (ET)
射线探伤检验radiographic examination (RT)
透度计penetrameter
对比计contrast meter
针孔检验pinhole meter
声波发射acoustic emission(AE)
22.3 焊接，材料试验
焊接工艺评定试验welding process qualification test
焊接性能评定试验welding performance qualification test
可焊性试验weldability test
裂纹试验cracking test
焊缝机械性能试验production weld test
试样test specimen
堆焊金属试样face bend specimen
表面弯曲试样face bend specimen
根部弯曲试样root bend specimen
侧面弯曲试样side bend specimen
拉伸试验tension test
弹性极限elastic test
屈服点yield point
抗拉强度tensile strength
屈服强度yield strength
伸长率elongation
断面收缩率reduction of area
弯曲试验bend test
成形弯曲试验guide bend test
自由弯曲试验free bend test
挠曲试验flexure test
冲击试验impact test
硬度试验hardness test
蠕变试验creep test
儒变强度creep strength
蠕变极限creep limit
蠕变断裂强度creep rupture strength
疲劳试验fatigue test
压扁试验flattening test
压碎试验crushing test
倒换检验reverse test
扩口试验flaring test
腐蚀试验corrosion test
钼检测molybdenum detecting
宏观组织检测 macrostructure detecting test
金相试验、微观检验microscopic test
硫磺检验sulphur print
断口组织试验fractography

23. 焊接，切割
23.1 焊接方式和种类
焊接welding
熔融焊fusion welding
压力焊pressure welding
锻接焊forge welding
电阻焊electric resistance welding(ERW)
高频诱导焊接high frequency induction welding
热剂焊thermit welding
气焊gas welding
电焊arc welding
惰性气体保护焊inert gas shielded arc welding
氩弧焊（钨极惰性气体保护焊，TIG）(1)TIG welding
(2)inert gas shielded tungsten arc welding
金属焊条惰性气体保护焊（MIG）(1)MIG welding
(2)inert gas shielded metal arc welding
CO2气体保护焊CO2 gas shielded arc welding
埋弧焊submerged arc welding
电渣焊electroslag welding
氢原子焊atomic hydrogen welding
电子束焊electron beem welding
爆炸焊explosive welding
钎接焊brazing
锡焊soldering
气割gas cutting
电弧切割arc cutting
氧气电弧切割oxygen-arc cutting
刨削gouging
等离子流法plasma jet process
焊条welding rod
填充金属filler metal
包剂焊条(1)coated electrode
(2)covered electrod
焊丝 wire for welding
焊条钳（焊把）electrod holder
焊枪torch
焊机welding machine
焊剂flux
保护气体shield gas
铝热剂thermit mixture
23.2 焊接设计
对接接头butt joint
坡口焊groove weld
单面坡口single groove
双面坡口double groove
坡口角度groove angle
半坡角度bevel angle
坡口深度groove depth
根部（1）root face
(2) land
根部间隙 (1)root opening
(2)root gap
根圆半径root radius
搭接接头lap joint
盖板接头strapped lap joint
啮合接头joggled lap joint
端接接头edge joint
角接接头corner joint
T形接头tee joint
十字形接头cruciform joint
填角焊、贴角焊fillet weld
角焊缝尺寸size of fillet weld
腰高throat
脚高leg length
扇形切口scallop
塞焊plug welding
承插焊socket welding
焊缝weld line
焊缝轴线axis of weld
焊接长度welding length
焊缝有效长度effective length of weld
焊缝根部root of weld
坡口根部root of joint
焊边toe of weld
焊透深度 penetration
融合深度depth of fusion
加强高reinforcement
现场焊field weld
密封焊，封闭焊seal welding
堆焊build up welding
焊接符号symbol of weld
垫板backing
垫板焊backing weld
垫底underlaying
预堆边焊buttering
定位焊tack welding
焊珠bead
焊道(1)pass
(2)run
焊层layer
多层焊multi-layer welding
背面焊缝、底焊back run
引弧板end tab
运条weaving
前进焊forehand welding
反向焊backstep welding
分段多层焊block welding
环焊boxing
跳焊skip welding
电弧电压arc voltage
焊接电流welding current
焊接速度welding speed
焊接姿势welding position
平焊flat position
横焊horizontal position
立焊vertical position
仰焊overhead position
磁性熄弧magnetic blow
飞溅spatter
弧坑crater
烧穿burn-through
可焊性weldability
边缘加工edge preparation
挑焊根chipping
消除应力stress relieving
预热preheating
后热postheating
焊后热处理postweld heat treatment
喷丸硬化peening
焊接转动换位器pisitioner
焊接区weld zone
母材(1)base material
(2)parent material
焊接金属weld metal
堆焊金属deposited metal
热影响区heat affected zone(HAZ)
接合区bond zone
烧化flash
熔核，点核nugget
焊接缺陷(1)weld defects
(2)weld imperfection
未焊透incomplete penetration
未融合lack of fusion
咬边undercut
焊瘤overlap
弧坑pit
气泡blowhole
夹渣slag inclusion
鱼眼，白点fish eye
弧坑crater

24. 材料及其损伤
24.1金属材料
钢steel
特殊钢special steel
合金钢alloy steel
低合金钢low alloy steel
高合金钢high alloy steel
不锈钢stainless steel
马氏体钢martensitic steel
奥氏体钢austenitic steel
耐热钢heat-resisting steel
高强度钢high tensile steel
高韧性钢tough and hard steel
表面渗碳钢case hardening steel
铸钢cast iron
特殊铸钢special cast steel
铁iron
铸铁cast iron
特殊铸铁special cast steel
合金铸铁alloy cast iron
高级铸铁high grade cast iron
球墨铸铁spherodial graphite iron
可锻铸铁malleable cast iron
铜copper
青铜bronze
特殊青铜special bronze
铝青铜aluminum bronze
硅青铜silicon bronze
磷青铜phosphor bronze
黄铜brass
铝黄铜aluminum bronze
镀锡黄铜tinned brass
白铜copper nickle
镍铜合金nickle copper alloy
蒙乃尔合金Monel metal
铬镍铁合金Inconel
耐热铬镍铁合金Incoloy
20合金20 alloy
钨铬钻合金stellite
铬化硼系化合物colmonoy
耐磨金属anti-friction metal
轴承合金bearing metal
巴氏合金babbit metal
白色金属white metal
油膜轴承合金Kelmet
钎料solder
银钎料silver solder
24.2 表面处理
复合钢clad steel
衬里lining
镀层coating
涂复层overlay
镀面surfacing
均质衬里homogen lining
表面硬度hard-facing
金属喷涂metallikon
喷涂金属metallizing
电镀plating
渗入处理cementation
磷酸盐被膜处理parkerizing
阳极氧化处理anodizing
勃母石处理Boehmite treatment
钝化 passivation
扩散硬化diffusion hardening
渗氮nitriding
渗碳硬化case hardning
24.3 材料性质
强度strength
延性ductility
韧性tuoughness
脆性(1)brittleness
(2)shortness
低温脆性low temperature brittleness
冷脆cold shorteness
缺口脆性notch brittleness
热脆性(1)red shortness
(2)red brittleness
回火脆性temper brittleness
转变温度transition temperature
蓝脆性(1)blue shortness
(2)blue brittleness
加工硬化work hardening
沉淀硬化precipitation hardening
应变时效strain aging
淬火时效quench aging
敏化sensutizention
24.4金相及加工
石墨化处理graphitization
变态transformation
析出precipitation
结晶crystallzation
恒温变态isothermal transformation
中间组织intermediate structure
恒温变态曲线time-temperature-transformation
连续冷却相变图constant cooling transformation diagram
再结晶recrestallization
偏析segregation
金属间化合物intermetallic compound
非金属夹杂物non-metallic inclusion
钢锭ingot
钢坯billet
压铸件die casting
离心铸件centrifugal casting
冷硬铸件chill casting
塑性加工plastic working
冷加工cold working
热加工hot working
温加工warm working
锻造forging
轧制rolling
热轧hot rolling
冷轧cold rolling
拨制drawing
挤压extruding
24.5 热处理
正火normalizing
退火annealing
扩散加热homogenizing
完全退火full anneling
消除应力热处理stress relief anneling
低温退火low temperature anneling
球化处理spherodizing
中间退火，低温退火process annealing
淬火quenching
部分淬火differential quenching
回火tempering
调质refining
恒温热处理isothermal heat treatment
低温处理sub-zero treatment
时效处理again
人工硬化warm hardening
固熔化处理solution anneling
24.6 材料组织及缺陷
宏观组织macrostructure
微观组织，显微组织microstructure
树枝状组织dendritic structure
柱状组织columnar structure
针状组织acicular structure
层状组织lamellar structure
条状裂痕streak flaw
折缝wrinkle seam
轧裂(1)roll burst
(2)forge burst
白点(1)white spot
(2)flake
鱼眼fish eye
幼影线ghost line
裂纹crack
淬裂quenching crack
硫裂纹sulphur crack
细裂纹，发裂hair crack
微裂纹(1)microcrack
(2)microfissure
纵向裂纹longitudinal crack
横向裂纹transverse crack
延迟裂纹delayed cracking
季裂season cracking
软点soft spot
硬点hard spot
分层lamination
砂眼blister
气孔blowhole
针孔pin hole
24.7 腐蚀及其它材料损伤
腐蚀corrosion
全面腐蚀general corrosion
间隙腐蚀crevice corrosion
点蚀pitting
电化学腐蚀galvanic corrosion
接触腐蚀contact corrosion
晶间腐蚀intergranular corrosion
摩擦腐蚀fretting corrosion
刀切磨蚀knife line attack
侵蚀erosion
侵蚀腐蚀erosion corrosion
脱锌dezincification
应力腐蚀裂纹stress corrosion cracking
碱蚀致脆caustic embrittlement
氢脆hydrogen embrittlement
氢腐蚀hydrogen attack
氢气泡hydrogen blistering
环境应力裂纹environmental stress cracking
高温腐蚀high temperature corrosion
高温氧化high temperature oxidation
硫化sulfidation
硝化nitrification
渗碳carburization
钒腐蚀vanadium attack
露点腐蚀dew point corrosion
24.8 有机材料
塑料plastics
合成树脂synthetic resin
热塑性树脂thermo-plastic resin
热固性树脂thermo-setting resin
强化塑料reinforced plastics
合成橡胶elastomer
泡沫塑料foam
天然橡胶natural rubber(NR)
合成橡胶synthetic rubber
硅胶silicon resin
氟塑料(1)fluoroplastics
(2)fluorocarbons
聚氯乙烯树脂polyvinylchloride resin (PVC)
聚乙烯树脂polyethlene resin
聚丙烯树脂polypropylene resin
聚脂树脂polyester resin
尼龙Nylon
环氧树脂epoxy resin
呋喃树脂furan resin
聚偏氯烯树脂polyvinylidene chloride resin
聚氨基甲酸酯树脂polyurethane resin
丙稀酸树脂acrylic resin
脲醛树脂urea resin
三聚氰胺树脂melamine resin
24.9 无机材料
陶磁ceramics
陶器pottery
瓷器procelain
陶磁合金cermets
抗渗碳impervious carbon
玻璃glass
石棉asbestos
岩棉rock wool
硅藻土diatomaceous earth
蛭石vermiculite
非金属材料non-metallic materials
复合材料(1)composite material
(2)composite
黑色金属 ferrous metal
有色金属non-ferrous metal
碳钢carbon steel
合金钢alloy steel